Technical meeting regarding nextstrain in Switzerland


Richard Neher
Biozentrum, University of Basel


slides at neherlab.org/201803_SSPAN.html

nextstrain.org

joint work with Trevor Bedford & his lab

code at github.com/nextstrain

NextStrain architecture

Using treetime to rapidly compute timetrees

TreeTime: maximum likelihood phylodynamic analysis

Phylogenetic trees record history:
  • transmission
  • divergence times
  • population dynamics
  • ancestral geographic distribution/migrations
Typical approach: Bayesian parameter estimation
  • flexible
  • probabilistic → confidence intervals etc
  • but: computationally expensive
TreeTime by Pavel Sagulenko
  • probabilistic treatment of divergence times
  • dates trees with thousand sequences in a few minutes
  • linear time complexity
  • fixed tree topology
  • github.com/neherlab/treetime
West African Ebola virus outbreak

TreeTime: nuts and bolts

Attach sequences and dates
Reconstruct ancestral sequences
Propagate temporal constraints via convolutions
Integrate up-stream and down-stream constraints
Fit phylodynamic model → iterate

Molecular clock phylogenies of ~2000 A/H3N2 HA sequences -- a few minutes

What about bacteria?

  • vertical and horizontal transmission
  • genome rearrangements
  • much larger genomes
  • variation of divergence along the genome
  • NGS genomes tend to be fragmented
  • annotations of variable quality
panX by Wei Ding
  • pan-genome identification pipeline
  • phylogenetic analysis of each orthologous cluster
  • detect associations with phenotypes
  • fast: analyze hundreds of genomes in a few hours
  • github.com/neherlab/pan-genome-analysis

panX @ pangenome.de

S. pneumoniae data set by Croucher et al.

Pan-genome statistics and filters

Species trees and gene trees

Links between species trees and gene trees

Processing for nextstrain

  • Python 2.7, raxml/iqtree/fasttree, MAFFT, TreeTime
  • run time of approx one hour, 1-4CPUs, limited by tree building
  • Sequences: for viruses we use fasta, for bacteria vcf
  • Metadata: best as tsv or json
  • Ideally we would want some hybrid between nextstrain and panX for bacteria

Processing for panX

  • Python 2.7, raxml/fasttree, DIAMOND, MCL, MAFFT, TreeTime
  • run time of approx six hours, 64CPUs, limited by all-against-all comparison and tree building for every gene
  • Sequences: genbank files with annotation, gff could be used as well
  • Metadata: best as tsv

Visualization: nextstrain

nextstrain.org

  • Trevor Bedford
  • Colin Megill
  • Sidney Bell
  • James Hadfield

  • All the scientist that share virus sequence data

TreeTime & panX

TreeTime: Pavel Sagulenko

github.com/neherlab/treetime
webserver at treetime.ch
manuscript on bioRxiv
panX: Wei Ding
github.com/neherlab/pan-genome-analysis
live site at pangenome.de
manuscript on bioRxiv